|
003303 Visit since
| Cronology of Important Events
in the History of Mexico - Part 2 |
by Prof. German Estrada
May 18, 2003 |
1888 Constitution
changed to allow Díaz to succeed himself.
1904 Constitution changed to allow
for six-year presidential term.
1906 Proclamation against Díaz
issued by the liberals in St. Louis, Missouri.
1908 Díaz states his intention
of not seeking reelection in interview.
REVOLUTION
1910 Mexico's 100
years of independence celebrated. Seventh reelection
of Díaz. Madero's Plan of San Luis Potosí.
Rebellion breaks out in north and in Puebla.
 1911
Rebellion spreads throughout Mexico. After attack on
Ciudad Juárez, Díaz resigns.
Madero returns in triumph to Mexico City and is elected
to presidency. Emiliano Zapata publishes Plan of Ayala
demanding quick reforms.
1912 Pascual Orozco rebels against
Madero. Victoriano Huerta's troops crush rebellion.
Huerta exiled to France. Zapata and Francisco "Pancho"
Villa enter Mexico City.
Venustiano Carranza establishes constitutional government
at Veracruz.
1913 Madero overthrown by coup d'état
staged by Felix Díaz and Huerta. Madero
assassinated. Carranza, Villa, and Álvaro Obregón
lead northern rebellion, while Zapata remains in charge
of southern rebel forces. Huerta deposed and Congress
dissolved.
1914 United States troops land at Veracruz.
Huerta defeated and forced into exile.
1915 Obregón turns against Villa.
Villa continues to fight and raids United States border
towns for next five years. Carranza recognized by United
States as chief of government forces.
1916 General John J. "Blackjack"
Pershing's punitive expedition pursues Villa and provokes
bitterness between Mexico and United States.
1917 Constitution of 1917 promulgated.
Carranza elected president.
POST-REVOLUTION
1920 Obregón
rebels. Carranza dies. Obregón elected president.
1923 United States recognizes Obregón
government.
 1924
Plutarco Elías Calles elected president.
1926 Anticlerical policies spark Cristero
Rebellion.
1927 Constitution of 1917 amended to
extend presidential term to six years.
1928 Calles succeeded by Obregón,
who is assassinated before taking office. Calles, who
is to remain political strongman through 1935, chooses
Emilio Portes Gil as president.
1929 Cristero Rebellion suppressed.
Founding of official political party--National
Revolutionary Party (Partido Nacional Revolucionario--PNR).
Pascual Ortiz Rubio elected president of country, but
Calles remains as recognized political boss.
1930 Portes Gil succeeded by Ortiz
Rubio as president.
1931 Ortiz Rubio resigns; Abelardo
Rodríguez chosen to complete term.
1934-40 Lázaro Cárdenas
presidency. Forced exile of Calles (1936). Cárdenas
begins
socialist policies. Agrarian reform establishes ejidos
(see Glossary) and collectivization. Officialparty renamed
Party of the Mexican Revolution (Partido de la Revolución
Mexicana--PRM); includes representatives from all sectors
of society. Nationalization of oil industry in 1938.
MODERN
1940-46 Manuel Ávila
Camacho presidency. Mexico joins Allies in declaring
war on Axis powers. PRM reorganized to provide wider
representation and renamed Institutional
Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Institucional--PRI).
Bracero (migrant Mexican worker) agreement established
between Mexico and United States.
1946-52 Miguel Alemán Valdés
presidency. Industrialization, public works, and creation
of a new campus for the National Autonomous University
of Mexico (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
UNAM). Urban growth at expense of agrarian improvements.
Per capita agricultural production reaches prerevolutionary
levels. Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance
signed in 1947.
1952-58 Adolfo Ruiz Cortines presidency.
Women's suffrage extended to national level.
Beginning of political stability through appointment
of PRI candidates to presidency.
1958-64 Adolfo López Mateos
presidency. Increased foreign investments in Mexico
and control of economy by foreign (mainly United States)
interests. Land redistribution policies and increased
agricultural production. Greater participation of minority
parties in political process.
1964-70 Gustavo Díaz Ordaz presidency.
Termination of bracero p rogram. Foreign firms operate
in Mexico on grand scale. Student unrest leads to Tlatelolco
Massacre in 1968.
1970-76 Luis Echeverría Álvarez
presidency. Emphasis by Mexico on participation in Third
World policies against imperialism and foreign economic
control. Oil boom in Chiapas and Tabasco. Economic difficulties.
1976-82 José López Portillo
y Pacheco presidency. Mexico becomes world's fourth
largest producer of oil and also one of world's leading
debtor countries. Political reform, leading to increase
of minority party representation in Chamber of Deputies
by proportional representation system. Foreign debt
and inflation soar. Government corruption rampant.
1982-88 Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado
presidency. Economy contracts, and standard of living
falls. Foreign debt renegotiated. Government adopts
economic austerity measures.
 1988-1994
Carlos Salinas de Gortari presidency. Continuation of
austerity policies leads to upturn in economy. Government
takes steps to control corruption. Free-trade measures
introduced. Mexico joins North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA). Measures taken to open governorships to opposition
parties. Guerrilla group, Zapatista Army of National
Liberation (Ejército Zapatista de Liberación
Nacional--EZLN) appears in Chiapas. PRI nominee for
next sexenio , Donald Luis Colosio Murrieta, assassinated.
1994-2000 Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de
León presidency. Devaluation of new peso leads
to
investor panic and near-economic collapse; massive foreign
intervention required to stabilize situation. Military
action against Zapatistas results in stalemate. Former
President Salinas leaves country in disgrace amid charges
of corruption and possible involvement in series of
assassinations.
2000-2001 Vicente Fox is elected President
of Mexico. For the first time in 70 years a
president from an opposition party (PAN) gains the presidency.
His campaign is based in promises of changes across
the board. At the end of 2002 these promises have not
been realized.
gestrada@pvnet.com.mx
Prof. Germán
Estrada is the author of the best selling book,
"México
Mágico: Everything You Wanted To Know
About... But Nobody Told You..." available in Puerto
Vallarta at The Net House, Mail Boxes, Etc., Books,
Books as well as directly from the author by internet.
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