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México Magico
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TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 76th part
Chapter VIII – Final Days - The Baroque Years (part 76th) continues……
Prof. German Estrada - May, 2007
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 75th part
Chapter VIII - Final Days - The Baroque Years (part 75th) continues..
Prof. German Estrada - May, 2007
Monetary units of all nations
Well, this information may be welcome by some curious people that have traveled around and maybe for some other that may do it in the future.
Prof. German Estrada - April, 2007
Acronismos = Acronyms
An ACRONYM is a word formed from the first (or first few) letters of a series of words.
Prof. German Estrada - April, 2007
Capital Gain Taxes
At the end of 2006, the Federal Government of Mexico has issue strict orders to everyone involved in the Real Estate business
Prof. German Estrada - March, 2007
Paying taxes when a property is rented
A few months ago the Secretaría de Hacienda (IRS) sent a letter to all the Administrators of Condominiums in Vallarta
Prof. German Estrada - March, 2007
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 74th part
The century had its twists and turns. The new clung to the old.
Prof. German Estrada - February, 2007
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 73th part
The contours of the eighteenth century, the pinnacle of colonial rule, were striking.
Prof. German Estrada - February, 2007
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 72th part
To punish “bad examples of Christianity” and bar heretics, Philip II had, in 1569, dispatched the Holy Office of the Inquisition to New Spain.
Prof. German Estrada - January, 2007
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 71th part
The Baroque Age welcomed the secular church. From the time of Isabel, the crown had relied on it to teach obedience, to label dissent a sin.
Prof. German Estrada - January, 2007
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 70th part
Church wealth flowed from diverse sources. With the blessings of the crown, the church collected a startling number of duties, donations, and legacies from last wills and testaments paid by Spaniards and criollos and by cofradías (community savings)
Prof. German Estrada - December, 2006
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 69th part
To feed the habit, a pulque industry developed and flourished. Entire regions, Puebla principally, were known for their maguey fields.
Prof. German Estrada - December, 2006
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 68th part
The Indian had to adapt to more than just changes in the labor system. Spanish colonialism, as was explained earlier, placed in jeopardy ethnic and tribal ties an reduced Indian society to one class.
Prof. German Estrada - November, 2006
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 67th part
Given the growing shortage of Indian workers, part and parcel of the decline of the native population, part and parcel of the decline of the native population, systems of agricultural labor also started to change.
Prof. German Estrada - November, 2006
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 66th part
But there were the nuts and bolts of economics, too. Labor needs, to begin, were a primary worry, more so after the pool of Indian workers began to shrivel up.
Prof. German Estrada - October, 2006
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 65th part
For all his rhetoric, Singüenza y Góngora did not worship the contemporary Indian. When the hungry Indians of Mexico City rioted and burned buildings in June 1692, Don Carlos experienced a metamorphosis.
Prof. German Estrada - October, 2006
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 64th part
Mestizo intellectuals also made their appearance on the eve of the Baroque Age, specifically Diego Muñoz Camargo and Juan Bautista Pomar, like Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxóchitl authors of pre-Hispanic histories.
Prof. German Estrada - September, 2006
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 63th part
Poets and men of learning, for all that, partly circumvented the ills of Gongorismo and scholastic dullness.
Prof. German Estrada - September, 2006
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 62th part
Native craftsmen, meanwhile, left their imprint on the buildings, above all, on the decorative designs of the façades of church doorway...
Prof. German Estrada - August, 2006
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 61th part
Native craftsmen, meanwhile, left their imprint on the buildings, above all, on the decorative designs of the façades of church doorway...
Prof. German Estrada - August, 2006
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 60th part
Native craftsmen, meanwhile, left their imprint on the buildings, above all, on the decorative designs of the façades of church doorway...
Prof. German Estrada - July, 2006
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 59th part
Practice, all the same, was something else. Most corregidores took advantage of the Indian, enriching themselves at his expense.
Prof. German Estrada - June, 2006
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 58th part
The king or Council of the Indies appointed a viceroy; but they rarely trusted him.
Prof. German Estrada - June, 2006
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 57th part
Life for Africans and mulattoes was harsh. Like the Indians and most mestizos, they filled the ranks of the destitute.
Prof. German Estrada - May, 2006
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 56th part
In the countryside, life for the Indian was a different history.
Prof. German Estrada - May, 2006
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 55th part
Seldom did Spaniards marry their Indian concubines. Some who did had wives in Spain; they were, in the eyes of Western jurisprudence, bigamist.
Prof. German Estrada - April, 2006
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 54th part
Offspring born in the New World, no matter how pure of blood, did not sit well with Spaniards.
Prof. German Estrada - April, 2006
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 53th part
Like its capital, New Spain was a potpourri of peoples. With its disparate cultures, its peculiar Catholicism, and its isolation from Europe, it was hardly just a reincarnation of Western civilization.
Prof. German Estrada - March, 2006
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 52th part
….Mexico City, the capital of New Spain, led the parade, followed by Puebla, Querétaro, Valladolid, and, a bit later, Guadalajara.
Prof. German Estrada - March, 2006
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 51th part
...still, it was a commercial agriculture. The big, successful Haciendas developed on the fringes of the cities, becoming part of the fertile, agricultural zones.
Prof. German Estrada - February, 2006
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 50th part
North of Zacatecas, obstacles rarely blocked the spread of the latifundio. Open country lay ahead, inhabited usually by nomadic and warlike Chichimecas.
Prof. German Estrada - February, 2006
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 49th part
Population decline was linked to changes in work patterns. Before the Conquest, anthropologists insist, may have worked more, but he did so for himself and for his community.
Prof. German Estrada - January, 2006
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 48th part
The clergy and their secular allies, furthermore, disturbed the ratio of food to man by reducing the numbers of dirt farmers while multiplying the ranks of townsfolk to be fed.
Prof. German Estrada - January, 2006
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 47th part
European disease, unknown to the Indian, explains much of this loss of human life. Plagues, which during the fourteenth century devastated cities in the Old World,
Prof. German Estrada - December, 2005
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 46th part
One chance find, the culmination of the hunt for riches which Hernán Cortés began in Vera Cruz, laid the cornerstone for New Spain's society.
Prof. German Estrada - December, 2005
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 45th part
The richer the Indian community and the more numerous its masons and carpenters, , the bigger and more elaborate the building.
Prof. German Estrada - November, 2005
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 44th part
To subjugate, church and crown endeavored to destroy the beliefs, customs, and traditions of the past.
Prof. German Estrada - November, 2005
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 43rd part
The Indian did not always take kindly to the Spanish version of the universe. According to El libro de los coloquios, compiled in Nahuatl by the early Franciscans, Indian wise men defended their religion steadfastly.
Prof. German Estrada - October, 2005
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 42nd part
Bartolomé de las Casas, author of the famous Breve relación de la destrucción de las Indias, also devoted his life to defending the Indian.
Prof. German Estrada - October, 2005
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 41st part
The Franciscans, an order founded by Francisco de Assisi in 1215, lived by a vow of poverty; only the poor, they believed, passed through the gates of heaven.
Prof. German Estrada - September, 2005
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 40th part
The crown, for all that, left partly intact the hierarchical pyramid of ancient Anahuac.
Prof. German Estrada - September, 2005
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 39th part
Mendoza served his king ably. With a deft hand on the public pulse, he was both viceroy and a wise governor.
Prof. German Estrada - August, 2005
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 38th part
But he had enemies at the royal court in Spain. On their advice, Charles, who needed no prodding, sent officials to New Spain to circumvent Cortés authority.
Prof. German Estrada - August, 2005
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 37th part
His arrival in New Spain caused uproar. Business came to a virtual halt, six hundred Spaniards announced they were returning home, and encomenderos asked Spanish officials to suspend the legislation.
Prof. German Estrada - July, 2005
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 36th part
The encomienda, at first glance, appeared to benefit crown, encomenderos and, not unimportant, the religious goal of the Conquest.
Prof. German Estrada - July, 2005
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 35th part
Fighting broke out again when the Spaniards advanced beyond Zacatecas. The War of the Chichimecas, an on-and-off conflict of some
forty years, cost the Spaniards sundry lives and considerable property because the Indians, in the Spanish manner, rode horses and carried firearms.
Prof. German Estrada - June, 2005
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 34th part
Pacification of northwest Mexico began under Beltrán Nuño de Guzmán, a corrupt and sanctimonious
lawyer of noble family with friends in high places. Head of the first audiencia in New Spain, a court of appeals,
Guzmán set off for Michoacán in 1529, acquiring almost immediately a reputation for cruelty.
Prof. German Estrada - June, 2005
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 33rd part
Settlement, the nuts and bolts of conquest, was left
to private enterprise. Both unable and unwilling to shoulder the task, the
crown entrusted it to individuals.
Prof. German Estrada - May, 2005
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people 32nd part
By the 1550s, the Spaniards had put in place the building blocks for three centuries of colonial rule.
Prof. German Estrada - May, 2005
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter 1) 31st part
Texcoco was the first of the cities to succumb, betrayed by its nobles and abandoned by its inhabitants.
Prof. German Estrada - April, 2005
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter 1) 30th part
Once out of food and water, the Spaniards could do nothing but try to escape.
Prof. German Estrada - April, 2005
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter 1) 29th part
For the Spaniards, the future looked bleak, more so because there arrived from Veracruz at this moment news of the landing of Pánfilo de Narvaez and his men, dispatched by Governor Velázquez from Cuba to depose Cortés and ship him back to Spain in irons.
Prof. German Estrada - March, 2005
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter 1) 28th part
This Moctezuma, a vacillating but proud ruler, confronted Cortés, a man of the Reconquista, hungry for gold and adventure and willing to die for them.
Prof. German Estrada - March, 2005
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter 1) 27th part
A fortnight later, Cortés set out from Cholula for Tenochtitlan . Before leaving, the Spaniards erected a huge cross on the pyramid of the temple of Quetzalcóatl , the Christian symbol towering over the scene of the recent massacre.
Prof. German Estrada - February, 2005
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter 1) 26th part
While peace negotiations were still underway with the Tlaxcalans, more of Moctezuma's envoys arrived in the Spanish camp. They bore more gifts: "three thousand ounces of gold" in multiple forms.
Prof. German Estrada - February, 2005
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter 1) 25th part
This remarkable woman, the helpmate of Spaniards, is a legend in Mexico ; the name Malinche, which the Indians gave to her, is synonymous with betrayal. No figure in Mexican history, not even Antonio López de Santa Anna,
Prof. German Estrada - January, 2005
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter 1) 24th part
But, to fall back on an aphorism, "neither man nor angel can discern hypocrisy, the only evil that walks invisible." Cortés's claim aside, devotion to the faith was not necessarily a Spanish trade mark.
Prof. German Estrada - January, 2005
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter 1) 23rd part
Cortés had not risked his life and limb merely for adventure or to convert heathens. The rich life and power and status in society drove him. His adventures would make him wealthy, the dream of every Conquistador.
Prof. German Estrada - December, 2004
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter 1) 22nd part
Of an old and fairly respectable family, Hernán Cortés, a native of Medellín, a city in Extremadura, was born, so to speak, with the sword of the soldier in hand,
Prof. German Estrada - December, 2004
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter 1) 21st part
All the same, when Cortés stepped ashore in 1521, two Catholic friars accompanied him -Bartolomé de Olmedo, remembered as the "First Apostle of New Spain ,"
Prof. German Estrada - November, 2004
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter 1) 20th part
Terrible omens, telling of dangers ahead, the old chronicles say, beset ancient Anáhuac by 1519.
Prof. German Estrada - November, 2004
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter 1) 19th part
Spain transferred to Mexico a monumental architectural legacy, as old as Roman times, but principally from the Gothic and Moslem era.
Prof. German Estrada - October, 2004
TRIUMPHS and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter 1) 18th part
For two centuries, all the same, Spain basked in the sunlight of an artistic and intellectual awakening.
Prof. German Estrada - October, 2004
TRIUMPHS
and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter
1) 17th part
By the middle of the seventeen-century,
Spain had lost its hegemony over Europe, and Castilla
no longer wielded it at home. With the appearance of
the “pronunciamiento”,
Prof. German Estrada - September, 2004
TRIUMPHS
and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter
1) 16th part
At about the same time, furthermore, a Spanish play
by Andre de Claramonte, El valiente negro de Flandres ,
was harping on the racial inferiority of the negro.
Prof. German Estrada - September, 2004
TRIUMPHS
and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter
1) 15th part
One generation after the Reconquista, Catholic Spain
confronted a challenge it had not counted on. In distance
Germany, Martin Luther, a wayward Catholic priest,
nailed his ninety-five theses on the door of a church.
Prof. German Estrada - August, 2004
TRIUMPHS
and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter
1) 14th part
Another ideal of the Reconquista was religious orthodoxy,
to transform Spain into a haven for the Catholic faith
and purge it of Moslems and Jews as well as of free
thinkers.
Prof. German Estrada - August, 2004
TRIUMPHS
and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter
1) 13rd part
With the Battle of Olmedo (1467), where the crown
prevailed over the nobility, the king, particularly
in Castilla, had things more or less his own way. Faced
with royal growing power, nobles, dukes and counts
sided with the king,
Prof. German Estrada - July, 2004 TRIUMPHS
and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter
1) 12nd part
....... By sailing westward, Columbus
would reopen the trade with the Indies, shut down
almost completely when the Turks captured Constantinopla.
Unfortunately, it was too late. Already, Aragón's
fortunes had fallen on evil days.
Prof. German Estrada - July, 2004
TRIUMPHS
and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter
1) 11st part
....... Just the same, the Reconquista
passed on an ambivalent inheritance. To oust the
Moors, the Catholic kings, requiring popular backing
for their effort, gave certain rights to the peasants
and granted charters to cities.
Prof. German Estrada - June, 2004 TRIUMPHS
and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter
1) 10th part
The history of our nation,
believed José Vasconcelos, the eminent Mexican
thinker, begins with "with the discovery and Conquest
of the New World; before the coming of the Spaniards,
Mexico did not exist.
Prof. German Estrada - June, 2004
TRIUMPHS
and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter
1) 9th part
..... But Aztec males, whatever
their status in society, employed a double standard.
The men, according to one anthropologist, wanted their
women "tied to her metate , the comal ,
and the preparation of the tortilla."
Prof. German Estrada - April, 2004
TRIUMPHS
and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter
1) 8th part
The Aztecs believed that they
dwelt in a tempestuous and hostile universe presided
over by capricious deities who must be placated.
Prof. German Estrada - April, 2004
TRIUMPHS
and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter
1) 7th part
To provide labor was the duty of the common folk who,
as macehuales , planted the lands of the calpulli.
Prof. German Estrada - April, 2004 TRIUMPHS
and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter
1) 6th part
Some demographers estimate
that as many as twenty-five million people inhabited
central Mexico in 1521.
Prof. German Estrada - April, 2004
TRIUMPHS
and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter
1) 5th part
About A.D. 900, the Classic
period began to fade out. Still, the Valley of Mexico
continued to shelter vigorous civilizations, this
time the Toltecs from Tula.
Prof. German Estrada - March, 2004
TRIUMPHS
and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter
1) 4th part
Learning was a hallmark of
this Classic world. The Olmecs, perhaps, and surely
the Maya, had mastered the concept of the zero.
Prof. German Estrada - March, 2004
TRIUMPHS
and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter
1) 3rd part
From Ciudad Juárez to the Guatemalan border,
Tlaloc, the ancient god of rain, ruled with grim
humor.
Prof. German Estrada - February, 2004 TRIUMPHS
and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter
1) 2nd part
Men and women, be
they Europeans or natives of a world an ocean apart,
do not live in a vacuum; they inhabit a physical
environment ..
Prof. German Estrada - February, 2004
TRIUMPHS
and TRAGEDY, a History of The Mexican people (Chapter
1) 1st part
Long, long ago, in the New World and Europe, the store
of Mexico's people began to unfold.
Prof. German Estrada - February, 2004
TRIUMPHS and
TRAGEDY
Having finished with the theme of "The
Profile of the Indigenous People of Mexico", and following
with my objective of letting the readers of the pvmirror
know a little bit more of Mexico and its History..
Prof. German Estrada - January 24th, 2004
About the Lawyers
I have been asked to repeat an article written long
time ago about Lawyers, etc. So, here it is again.
Prof. German Estrada - January 17th, 2004
EXEMPTIONS FOR THE PAYMENT OF CAPITAL GAINS
As promised
in our first article, we are going to "transcribe" the
corresponding article of the Fiscal Law that used to
deal with the payment of Capital Gains.
Prof. German Estrada - January
10th, 2004
TAXES, CAPITAL GAINS
I was about to write something
regarding some of the problems that foreigners encounter
while they are in Mexico..
Prof. German Estrada - January
3rd, 2004
TAXES,
that ugly word! (4th part)
In following what we wrote
in our first article about rentals and taxes, I have
read some written articles from some of the Mexican
Lawyers..
Prof. German Estrada - December 27, 2003
TAXES,
that ugly word! (3rd part)
One of the reasons why sometimes (most of
the time!) the majority of foreigners do not understand
whatever is said or read about the different Laws
in Mexico
Prof. German Estrada - December 20, 2003
TAXES,
that ugly word! (2nd part)
In the case in which you're
doing the renting yourself (regardless of your immigration
Status), first of all, you'll have to register with
the Secretaría de Hacienda (SAT=IRS)
Prof. German Estrada - December 13, 2003
TAXES,
that ugly word! (1st part)
A few months ago the Secretaría de Hacienda
(IRS) sent a letter to all the Administrators of Condominiums
in Vallarta,
Prof. German Estrada - December 6, 2003
GLOSSARY
OF TERMS
For those of you that would like to be more familiar
with some of the terms we use in this country..
Prof. German Estrada - November 29, 2003
Profile
of the Indigenous People of Mexico
Summary 6th and last part
Prof. German Estrada - November 22, 2003
Profile
of the Indigenous People of Mexico
Summary 5th of 6th part
Prof. German Estrada - November 15, 2003
What
do Mexicans celebrate on the "Day of the Dead"
?
This is an ancient festivity that has been much transformed
through the years, but which was intended in prehispanic
Mexico to celebrate children and the dead.
Prof. German Estrada - November 1, 2003
Profile
of the Indigenous People of Mexico
Summary 4th of 6th part
Prof. German Estrada - October 25, 2003
Profile
of the Indigenous People of Mexico
Summary 3rd of 6th part
Prof. German Estrada - October 5, 2003
Profile
of the Indigenous People of Mexico
Summary 2nd of 6th part
Prof. German Estrada - September 28, 2003
Profile
of the Indigenous People of Mexico
Summary 1st of 6th part
Prof. German Estrada - September 21, 2003
Profile
of the Indigenous People of Mexico
Chapter 11. Conclusions and Recommendations 5th and
last part
Prof. German Estrada - September 14, 2003
Profile
of the Indigenous People of Mexico
Chapter 11. Conclusions and Recommendations 4th of 5
part
Prof. German Estrada - September 7, 2003
Profile
of the Indigenous People of Mexico
Chapter 11. Conclusions and Recommendations 3rd of 5
part
Prof. German Estrada - August 31, 2003
Profile
of the Indigenous People of Mexico
Chapter 11. Conclusions and Recommendations 2nd of 5
part
Prof. German Estrada - August 24, 2003
Profile
of the Indigenous People of Mexico
Chapter 11. Conclusions and Recommendations 1st of 5
part
Prof. German Estrada - August 17, 2003
Profile
of the Indigenous People of Mexico
Chapter 10. Relationship between the Nation State an
Indigenous Peoples (4th and last part)
Prof. German Estrada - August 10, 2003
Profile
of the Indigenous People of Mexico
Chapter 10. Relationship between the Nation State an
Indigenous Peoples (3rd of 4 part)
Prof. German Estrada - August 3, 2003
Profile
of the Indigenous People of Mexico
Chapter 10. Relationship between the Nation State an
Indigenous Peoples (2nd of 4 part)
Prof. German Estrada - July 27, 2003
Profile
of the Indigenous People of Mexico
Chapter 10. Relationship between the Nation State an
Indigenous Peoples (1st of 4 part)
Prof. German Estrada - July 20, 2003
Political
Movements and Indigenous Organizations - Chapter 9 Part.
5-5
Prof. German Estrada - July 13, 2003
Political
Movements and Indigenous Organizations - Chapter 9 Part.
4-5
Prof. German Estrada - July 6, 2003
Political
Movements and Indigenous Organizations - Chapter 9 Part.
3-5
Prof. German Estrada - June 29, 2003
Political
Movements and Indigenous Organizations - Chapter 9 Part.
2-5
Prof. German Estrada - June 22, 2003
Political
Movements and Indigenous Organizations - Chapter 9 Part.
1-5
Prof. German Estrada - June 15, 2003
Volcanoes
of Mexico
Prof. German Estrada - June 8, 2003
Some
Interesting Facts about Mexico
Prof. German Estrada - June 1, 2003
There
is an old Mexican joke that goes like this.....
Prof. German Estrada - May 25, 2003
Cronology
of Important Events in the History of Mexico - Part
2
Prof. German Estrada - May 18, 2003
Cronology
of Important Events in the History of Mexico - Part
1
Prof. German Estrada - May 11, 2003
Chapter
8 - Social Development - Part 10 and last part
Prof. German Estrada - May 4, 2003
Chapter
8 - Social Development - Part 9
Prof. German Estrada - April 20, 2003
Chapter
8 - Social Development - Part 8
Prof. German Estrada - April 13, 2003
Chapter
8 - Social Development - Part 7
Prof. German Estrada - April 6, 2003
Chapter
8 - Social Development - Part 6
Prof. German Estrada - March 30, 2003
Chapter
8 - Social Development - Part 5
Prof. German Estrada - March 23, 2003
Chapter
8 - Social Development - Part 4
Prof. German Estrada - March 16, 2003
Chapter
8 - Social Development - Part 3
Prof. German Estrada - March 9, 2003 Chapter
8 - Social Development - Part 2
Prof. German Estrada - March 2, 2003 Chapter
8 - Social Development - Part 1
Prof. German Estrada - February 23, 2003 Chapter
7 - Economy - Part 10
Prof. German Estrada - February 16, 2003 Chapter
7 - Economy - Part 9
Prof. German Estrada - February 9, 2003 Chapter
7 - Economy - Part 8
Prof. German Estrada - February 2, 2003 Chapter
7 - Economy - Part 7
Prof. German Estrada - January 26, 2003 Chapter
7 - Economy - Part 6
Prof. German Estrada - January 19, 2003 Chapter
7B - The Huasteca - Part 3
Prof. German Estrada - January 12, 2003 Chapter
7B - The Huasteca - Part 2
Prof. German Estrada - January 5, 2003 Chapter
7 - Economy - Part 5
Prof. German Estrada - December 29, 2002 Chapter
7B - The Huasteca - Part 1
Prof. German Estrada - December 22, 2002 Chapter
7A - Protected areas of Mexico - Part 3
Prof. German Estrada - December
15, 2002 Chapter
7A - Protected areas of Mexico - Part 2
Prof. German Estrada - December
8, 2002 Chapter 7A
- Protected areas of Mexico - Part 1
Prof. German Estrada - December 1,
2002 Chapter 7 -
Economy - Part 4
Prof. German Estrada - November 24, 2002 Chapter
7 - Economy - Part 3
Prof. German Estrada - November 10, 2002 Chapter
7 - Economy - Part 2
Prof. German Estrada - November 10, 2002 Chapter
7 - Economy - Part 1
Prof. German Estrada - November 4, 2002 Chapter
6 - Causes of Indigenous Migration. - Part 5
Prof. German Estrada - October
28, 2002 Chapter
6 - Causes of Indigenous Migration. - Part 4
Prof. German Estrada - October
21, 2002 Chapter
6 - Causes of Indigenous Migration. - Part 3
Prof. German Estrada - October
14, 2002 Chapter
6 - Causes of Indigenous Migration. - Part 2
Prof. German Estrada - October
7, 2002 Chapter 6
- Causes of Indigenous Migration. - Part 1
Prof. German Estrada - September
30, 2002 Chapter
5 - Location of indigenous people in Mexico - Part 2
Prof. German Estrada
- September 23, 2002
The decline in the indigenous population growth rate
is partly linked to behavioral changes induced in the indigenous population over
the last 20 years by government programs. Chapter
5 - Location of indigenous people in Mexico - Part 1
Prof. German Estrada
- September 15, 2002
The ensemble of these religious practices is intimately
linked to indigenous esthetics and artistic forms. Chapter
4 - Location of indigenous people in Mexico - Part 3
Prof. German Estrada
- September 9, 2002
The ensemble of these religious practices is intimately
linked to indigenous esthetics and artistic forms. Chapter
4 - Location of indigenous people in Mexico - Part 2
Prof. German Estrada
- September 2, 2002
The indigenous languages of Mexico are classified according
to different linguistic groups, branches, families and sub-families. Chapter
4 - Location of indigenous people in Mexico - Part 1
Prof. German Estrada
- August 26, 2002
Continuing with the Profile of the Indigenous People of
Mexico, this week we present the first of three parts of the IDENTITY of the Indigenous
People of Mexico. Chapter
3 - Location of indigenous people in Mexico - Final Part
Prof. German
Estrada - August 19, 2002
Historical Periods and dates. National Indigenous
Administration. Impacts and Indigenous Movements. Agrarian and Educational as
well as Cultural and Economic Public Policies. Chapter
3 - Location of indigenous people in Mexico - Part 2
Prof. German Estrada
- August 12, 2002
This was the origin of the emergence of the great latifundios
and haciendas, that established themselves in the territories belonging to the
indigenous people. Chapter
3 - Location of indigenous people in Mexico - Part 1
Prof. German Estrada
- July 29, 2002
There is an abundance of documentation concerning the history
of indigenous populations of Mexico prior to the arrival of the Spaniards. Location
of indigenous people in Mexico - Part 3
Prof. German Estrada - July 22,
2002
International Labour Organization - Convention 169 Pertaining to Indigenous
Populations. Location
of indigenous peoples in Mexico… continues - Part 2
Prof. German
Estrada - July 15, 2002
ILO Provisional Acts, Seventy-seventh Meeting, Geneva,
1989. Chapter
2. LOCATION of Indigenous peoples in Mexico - Part 1
Prof. German Estrada
- July 8, 2002
Who are the Indigenous Peoples? Chapter
1. National profile of the indigenous peoples of Mexico
Prof. German Estrada
- June 23, 2002
We have divided this fascinating topic into eleven separate
chapters: Introduction, Location, History, Identity, Demography, Migration, Economy,
Social Development, Political Movements, Relationship between the Nation State
and Indigenous Peoples and Conclusion. More
facts about México
Prof. German Estrada - June 17, 2002
For
those of you who are interested in learning more about Mexico, let me give you
some data that may increase your knowledge of this country. Cronology
of Important Events in the History of Mexico - Part 2
Prof German Estrada
- December 24, 2001
For those readers that would like to know a little bit
more of our history, here is the first part of the cronology of events that took
place since our first ancestors came to these lands..
"Ju's
the facts, ma'am."
Prof German Estrada - December 17, 2001
PUERTO
VALLARTA is located on the west coast of Mexico, right in the middle of the Bay
of Banderas, the largest bay in Mexico... A
Little History of Mexico
Prof German Estrada - December 10, 2001
For
those readers that would like to know a little bit more of our history, here is
the first part of the cronology of events that took place since our first ancestors
came to these lands. Mexico's
Criminal Justice System
Prof German Estrada - November 26, 2001
For
those of you who are curious about the Criminal Justice System in Mexico, these
two articles will give you a general idea about it. Notes
on the NAFTA: The Masters of Mankind - Part 4
Prof German Estrada - November
19, 2001
Some years ago, Noam Chomsky wrote a long article on the "benefits"
that the Gatt and Nafta Treaties, would bring to the signatory Countries... Notes
on the NAFTA: The Masters of Mankind - Part 3
Prof German Estrada - October
29, 2001
The Labor Advisory Committee concluded that the executive treaty
would be a bonanza for investors but would harm U.S. workers and probably Mexicans
as well... Notes
on the NAFTA: The Masters of Mankind - Part 2
Prof German Estrada - October
22, 2001
One valuable feature of these institutions is their immunity from
public influence... Notes
on the NAFTA: The Masters of Mankind - Part 1
Prof German Estrada - October
8, 2001
Some years ago, Noam Chomsky wrote a long article on the "benefits"
that the Gatt and Nafta Treaties would bring to the signatory Countries... Debate
on the nafta treaty - Part 4
Prof German Estrada - September 24, 2001
I often listen to people talking about NAFTA, and realize that most of us don't
really know too much about it... Debate
on the nafta treaty - Part 3
Prof German Estrada - September 17, 2001
This is the third part of a debate between two University Professors: Harry M.
Claver of the U. of Texas and Victor O. Story, of the Kutztown University... Debate
on the Nafta Treaty - Part 1
Prof German Estrada - September 3, 2001
I often listen to people talking about the NAFTA, and realize that most of us
don't really know too much about it... PROFECO
(The Consumer Protection Agency)
Prof. German Estrada - July 23, 2001
For all of you who do not know about the PROCURADURIA FEDERAL DEL CONSUMIDOR "PROFECO"
(Consumer's Protection Office)... Facts
on Foreign Investments in Mexico
Prof. German Estrada - July 2 , 2001
For those of you interested or curious about the foreign investments that come
into what was"our" economy.. About
Renting Out Your Property
Prof. German Estrada - June 11, 2001
A few
months ago, the Secretaría de Hacienda (IRS) sent a letter to all the Administrators
of Condominiums in Vallarta, asking them to distribute a circular (in English
& Spanish)… Back
to Realities...
Prof. German Estrada - June 4, 2001
In this article
we'll go back to the realities of our México Mágico by means of
some statistics... Some
Interesting Facts about Mexico
Prof. German Estrada - May 7, 2001
This week, I want to give you some other information about this beautiful country
that may enhance your knowledge about it... A
Few Facts About Customs
Prof. German Estrada - April 2, 2001
As my
brand new computer is in the repair shop - again - I decided that for this week... | 
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