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| Location
of indigenous peoples in Mexico… continues - Part 3 | by
Prof. German Estrada
July 22, 2002. | International
Labour Organization - Convention 169 Pertaining to Indigenous Populations. Part
1: General Policy (continues) Typology of States with
and without Indigenous Populations 1. States with
a high level of indigenous population living in their traditional areas of occupation:
Campeche, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Puebla, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz,
and Yucatan.
2. States with a medium level of indigenous population in their
traditional areas of occupation: Chihuahua, D.F., Durango, Mexico, Michoacan,
Morelos, Nayarit, Sonora, and Tabasco.
3. States with a low level of indigenous
population in their traditional areas of occupation: Baja Californa, Cohauila,
Colima, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Queretaro, Sinaloa and Tlaxcala.
4. States without
an original indigenous population but with indigenous immigrant populations: Aguascalientes,
Baja California South, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, and Zacatecas. 7.
The states with the largest indigenous population are those which have the lowest
level of development due to the state policies and politics which have limited
federal and state budgetary allocations and investment in indigenous peoples.
These states contrast starkly to the highly developed states with few or no indigenous
peoples. This imbalance is due to the little importance given by the state and
private initiative to the indigenous peoples as productive social entities in
their own right. Municipalities and Communities
8. The same low levels of development seen at the state level apply to the municipalities
and communities of the country classified according to the presence or absence
of indigenous groups. Typology of Municipalities with
Indigenous Populations 1. Indigenous Municipality
and Municipal Seat: Where both the municipality and its seat are indigenous and
there are no dispersed or settlements as defined by the census. Examples are Tahtziu,
Yucatan; Huautla de Jimenez, Oaxaca. 2. Indigenous Municipality
and Communities: Where the municipality consists of communities or settlements
indigenous in the majority of population. Examples are: Chankom, Yucatan; San
Juan Chamula, Chiapas; Uxila, Oaxaca; Jesus Maria, Nayarit. 3.
Municipalities with a non-Indigenous center and with peripheral Indigenous Communities
where the seat of the municipality consists of a mestizo majority and the communities
are essentially indigenous. Examples are: Creel, Chihuahua; Guaymas, Sonora; El
Fuerte, Sinaloa. 4. Multi-ethnic Municipalities, with
a municipal seat including Indigenous Communities. Examples are: Ciudad Santos,
San Luis Potosi; Huejutla, Hidalgo; Ocosingo, Chiapas; Cuetzalan, Puebla; Matias
Romero, Oaxaca.
Table 2.1 Indigenous
Municipalities in Mexico | | | | |
Indigenous Municipalities
| |
| |
Number of municipalities in Mexico |
2,403 | 2,248* |
| Municipalities with indigenous language
speakers | 2,359 |
2,315 | | Municipalities
with over 70 percent EIP** | 556 |
556 | | Municipalities
with 30 percent to 69 percent EIP | 247 |
247 | | Municipalities
with >30 percent EIP | 803 |
803 | | Municipalities
with 0-29 percent EIP | 753 |
709 | | Municipalities
without EIP | 44 |
113 | *In the final
results of the Population and Housing Census 1995, there were 2,428 municipalities
while in 1997 there were 2,434 registered.
**EIP: Estimated Indigenous Population.
Estimated by the Instituto Nacional Indigenista. 9. The
large number of indigenous language speakers (ILS) in virtually all the municipalities
in the country is due to the strong out-migration patterns in indigenous communities.
The few municipalities with no ILS are those which traditionally have experienced
little in-migration. The consequences of this are addressed in a subsequent chapter.
The municipalities which show the high percentages (over 70 percent and 30-60
percent) of ILS* are the traditional indigenous communities.
Table 2.2 Indigenous
Settlements in Mexico | | | | |
| |
| | | Total
number of settlements in Mexico | 156,602 |
201,138 | | Settlements
with over 70 percent ILS* | 13,179 |
11,924 | | Settlements
with 30 percent to 69 percent ILS | 4,359 |
5,523 | | Settlements
with fewer than 30 percent ILS | 26,680 |
22,419 | Settlements
identified in the Population Census. Instituto Nacional de Estadística,
Geografía e Informática. (INEGI). *ILS.- Indigenous Language Speakers.
Next week we'll be writing about the HISTORY of the Indigenous
People of Mexico.
gestrada@pvnet.com.mx
Prof. Germán Estrada is the
author of the best selling book, "México
Mágico: Everything You Wanted To Know About... But Nobody Told
You..." available in Puerto Vallarta at The Net House, Mail Boxes, Etc.,
Books, Books as well as directly from the author by internet. Archives
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