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000051 Visit since
| Cronology
of Important Events in the History of Mexico - Part 2 | by
Prof. German Estrada
December 24, 2001. | 1888
Constitution changed to allow Díaz to succeed himself.
1904 Constitution
changed to allow for six-year presidential term.
1906 Proclamation against
Díaz issued by the liberals in St. Louis, Missouri.
1908 Díaz
states his intention of not seeking reelection in interview. REVOLUTION 1910
Mexico's 100 years of independence celebrated. Seventh reelection of Díaz.
Madero's Plan of San Luis Potosí. Rebellion breaks out in north and in
Puebla.
1911 Rebellion spreads throughout Mexico. After attack on Ciudad
Juárez, Díaz resigns. Madero returns in triumph to Mexico City and
is elected to presidency. Emiliano Zapata publishes Plan of Ayala demanding quick
reforms.
1912 Pascual Orozco rebels against Madero. Victoriano Huerta's troops
crush rebellion. Huerta exiled to France. Zapata and Francisco "Pancho"
Villa enter Mexico City. Venustiano Carranza establishes constitutional government
at Veracruz.
1913 Madero overthrown by coup d'état staged by Felix
Díaz and Huerta. Madero assassinated. Carranza, Villa, and Álvaro
Obregón lead northern rebellion, while Zapata remains in charge of southern
rebel forces. Huerta deposed and Congress dissolved.
1914 United States troops
land at Veracruz. Huerta defeated and forced into exile.
1915 Obregón
turns against Villa. Villa continues to fight and raids United States border towns
for next five years. Carranza recognized by United States as chief of government
forces.
1916 General John J. "Blackjack" Pershing's punitive expedition
pursues Villa and provokes bitterness between Mexico and United States.
1917
Constitution of 1917 promulgated. Carranza elected president. POST-REVOLUTION 1920
Obregón rebels. Carranza dies. Obregón elected president.
1923
United States recognizes Obregón government.
1924 Plutarco Elías
Calles elected president.
1926 Anticlerical policies spark Cristero Rebellion.
1927 Constitution of 1917 amended to extend presidential term to six years.
1928 Calles succeeded by Obregón, who is assassinated before taking office.
Calles, who is to remain political strongman through 1935, chooses Emilio Portes
Gil as president.
1929 Cristero Rebellion suppressed. Founding of official
political party--National Revolutionary Party (Partido Nacional Revolucionario--PNR).
Pascual Ortiz Rubio elected president of country, but Calles remains as recognized
political boss.
1930 Portes Gil succeeded by Ortiz Rubio as president.
1931 Ortiz Rubio resigns; Abelardo Rodríguez chosen to complete term.
1934-40 Lázaro Cárdenas presidency. Forced exile of Calles (1936).
Cárdenas begins socialist policies. Agrarian reform establishes ejidos
(see Glossary) and collectivization. Official party renamed Party of the Mexican
Revolution (Partido de la Revolución Mexicana--PRM); includes representatives
from all sectors of society. Nationalization of oil industry in 1938. MODERN 1940-46
Manuel Ávila Camacho presidency. Mexico joins Allies in declaring war on
Axis powers. PRM reorganized to provide wider representation and renamed Institutional
Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Institucional--PRI). Bracero (migrant
Mexican worker) agreement established between Mexico and United States.
1946-52 Miguel Alemán Valdés presidency. Industrialization, public
works, and creation of a new campus for the National Autonomous University of
Mexico (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM). Urban growth
at expense of agrarian improvements. Per capita agricultural production reaches
prerevolutionary levels. Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance signed
in 1947. 1952-58 Adolfo Ruiz Cortines presidency. Women's
suffrage extended to national level. Beginning of political stability through
appointment of PRI candidates to presidency. 1958-64
Adolfo López Mateos presidency. Increased foreign investments in Mexico
and control of economy by foreign (mainly United States) interests. Land redistribution
policies and increased agricultural production. Greater participation of minority
parties in political process. 1964-70 Gustavo Díaz
Ordaz presidency. Termination of bracero p rogram. Foreign firms operate in Mexico
on grand scale. Student unrest leads to Tlatelolco Massacre in 1968.
1970-76 Luis Echeverría Álvarez presidency. Emphasis by Mexico on
participation in Third World policies against imperialism and foreign economic
control. Oil boom in Chiapas and Tabasco. Economic difficulties.
1976-82 José López Portillo y Pacheco presidency. Mexico becomes
world's fourth largest producer of oil and also one of world's leading debtor
countries. Political reform, leading to increase of minority party representation
in Chamber of Deputies by proportional representation system. Foreign debt and
inflation soar. Government corruption rampant. 1982-88
Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado presidency. Economy contracts, and standard of living
falls. Foreign debt renegotiated. Government adopts economic austerity measures.
1988-1994 Carlos Salinas de Gortari presidency. Continuation of austerity policies
leads to upturn in economy. Government takes steps to control corruption. Free-trade
measures introduced. Mexico joins North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
Measures taken to open governorships to opposition parties. Guerrilla group, Zapatista
Army of National Liberation (Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional--EZLN)
appears in Chiapas. PRI nominee for next sexenio , Donald Luis Colosio Murrieta,
assassinated. 1994-2000 Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León
presidency. Devaluation of new peso leads to investor panic and near-economic
collapse; massive foreign intervention required to stabilize situation. Military
action against Zapatistas results in stalemate. Former President Salinas leaves
country in disgrace amid charges of corruption and possible involvement in series
of assassinations. 2000-2001 Vicente Fox is elected President
of Mexico. For the first time in 70 years a president from an oposition party
(PAN)gains the presidency. His campaign is base in promises of changes across
the board. At the end of 2001, these promises have not been realized.
gestrada@pvnet.com.mx
Prof. Germán Estrada is the
author of the best selling book, "México
Mágico: Everything You Wanted To Know About... But Nobody Told
You..." available in Puerto Vallarta at The Net House, Mail Boxes, Etc.,
Books, Books as well as directly from the author by internet. Archives
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